Neurosurgery concepts: Key perspectives on imaging characteristics of spinal metastases, surgery for low back pain, anesthesia for disc surgery, and laminectomy versus laminectomy and fusion for lumbar spondylolisthesis

Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, 1Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States, 2Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea, 3Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Grosse Pointe, MI, 4Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 5Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 6Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Illinois, 7Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States, 8Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea, 9Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 11Department of Neurosurgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 12Seton Brain and Spine Institute Neurosurgery, Kyle, Texas, 13Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States